Multiple Threat Actors Exploit React2Shell (CVE-2025-55182)

Written by: Aragorn Tseng, Robert Weiner, Casey Charrier, Zander Work, Genevieve Stark, Austin Larsen

Introduction

On Dec. 3, 2025, a critical unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in React Server Components, tracked as CVE-2025-55182 (aka “React2Shell”), was publicly disclosed. Shortly after disclosure, Google Threat Intelligence Group (GTIG) had begun observing widespread exploitation across many threat clusters, ranging from opportunistic cyber crime actors to suspected espionage groups.

GTIG has identified distinct campaigns leveraging this vulnerability to deploy a MINOCAT tunneler, SNOWLIGHT downloader, HISONIC backdoor, and COMPOOD backdoor, as well as XMRIG cryptocurrency miners, some of which overlaps with activity previously reported by Huntress. These observed campaigns highlight the risk posed to organizations using unpatched versions of React and Next.js. This post details the observed exploitation chains and post-compromise behaviors and provides intelligence to assist defenders in identifying and remediating this threat.

For information on how Google is protecting customers and mitigation guidance, please refer to our companion blog post, Responding to CVE-2025-55182: Secure your React and Next.js workloads.

CVE-2025-55182 Overview

CVE-2025-55182 is an una

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