Quantum computing is moving from theory to reality. While largescale quantum computers are not yet available, their future impact on cyber security is clear: algorithms like RSA, Diffie–Hellman, and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman which secure VPNs, TLS, and digital identities, will eventually be broken by quantum algorithms. This creates an immediate risk known as “harvest now, decrypt later”, in which adversaries can capture encrypted traffic today and decrypt it when quantum resources become available. To address this, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) finalized the first post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards in 2024: FIPS 203: ML-KEM for key establishment FIPS […]
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