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Google Quantum AI’s mission is to build best in class quantum computing for otherwise unsolvable problems. For decades the quantum and security communities have also known that large-scale quantum computers will at some point in the future likely be able to break many of today’s secure public key cryptography algorithms, such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA). Google has long worked with the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and others in government, industry, and academia to develop and transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC), which is expected to be resistant to quantum computing attacks. As quantum computing technology continues to advance, ongoing multi-stakeholder collaboration and action on PQC is critical.
In order to plan for the transition from today’s cryptosystems to an era of PQC, it’s important the size and performance of a future quantum computer that could likely break current cryptography algorithms is carefully characterized. Yesterday, we published a preprint demonstrating that 2048-bit RSA encryption could theoretically be broken by a quantum computer with 1 million noisy qubits running for one week. This is a 20-fold decrease in the number of qubits from […]
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