A Cyber Persistence Way to Norms

Cyberspace is a strategic competitive environment where continuous activity short of use of force has cumulatively threatened international peace and stability. States have sought to both manage and regulate this threatening behavior through the United Nations (U.N.) Group of Government Experts (GGE) and Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) processes. These processes have resulted in deliberative products proposing peacetime cyber norms and an agreement by U.N. member states that international law applies in the context of cyberspace. 

However, the proposed prohibitive norms do not address ongoing threatening behavior and traditional norms conformance mechanisms are failing. Although all U.N. member states now

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