Summary
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to read and write arbitrary handle values and change clinical readings, which could result in taking control of the device and lead to patient harm.
The following versions of Fourth Frontier Frontier X Mobile Application, Frontier X2 are affected:
- Frontier X Android application vers<v15.0.0
- Frontier X IOS application vers<v25.0.0
- Frontier X2 vers:all/*
| CVSS | Vendor | Equipment | Vulnerabilities |
|---|---|---|---|
| v3 8.8 | Fourth Frontier | Fourth Frontier Frontier X Mobile Application, Frontier X2 | Missing Authentication for Critical Function |
Background
- Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Healthcare and Public Health
- Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide
- Company Headquarters Location: United States
Vulnerabilities
CVE-2026-5768
The Frontier X2 device allows unauthenticated BLE read/write access to critical GATT characteristics without enforcing pairing authentication or authorization. This allows attackers within BLE range to perform unauthorized control of device functions, including starting/stopping activities, triggering vibrations, causing denial-of-service conditions, and fuzzing characteristic values to induce unexpected behavior. Additionally, the Frontier X mobile application lacks proper BLE device authentication, allowing attackers to impersonate a legitimate Frontier X2 device and connect to the application. By cloning BLE advertisements and exposing expected GATT characteristics, attackers can manipulate activity states and inject fabricated health telemetry such as breathing rate, heart rate, strain, and other health-related data into the mobile application.
Affected Products
Fourth Frontier Frontier X Mobile Application, Frontier X2
Fourth Frontier
Fourth Frontier Frontier X Android application: <v15.0.0, Fourth Frontier Frontier X IOS application: <v25.0.0, Fourth Frontier Frontier X2: vers:all/*
known_affected
Remediations
Mitigation
Fourth Frontier is aware of the vulnerability and is working on a fix. Users are encouraged to reach out to Fourth Frontier directly for assistance. https://fourthfrontier.com/pages/contact-usl.
https://fourthfrontier.com/pages/contact-us
Mitigation
Frontier X/X2 devices can connect to only one app at a time; users should first connect the Frontier X/X2 device using the Frontier X app and then start the activity.
Relevant CWE: CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Metrics
| CVSS Version | Base Score | Base Severity | Vector String |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | 8.8 | HIGH | CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
Acknowledgments
- Shakir Zari and Jerin Sunny reported this vulnerability to CISA
Legal Notice and Terms of Use
This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).
Recommended Practices
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability.
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices b
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